Safe Mode Podcast

Two critical PHP bugs, found by AI before attackers, leaked before the embargo, patched a day early. Cisco Talos' Matt Olney joins Safe Mode — the show, not PHP's deprecated directive, though neither has ever stopped an exploit — for the part the headlines skipped and what the future holds for the vulns moving forward

AI is making vulnerabilities easier to find, but who’s going to fix them? On this episode, Greg Otto talks with Josh Bressers, VulnCheck’s director of coordinated vulnerability disclosure about the growing flood of AI-generated security reports. Bressers explains why those findings are increasingly legitimate, how VulnCheck uses AI to streamline incoming reports, and why coordinating fixes still requires a human touch. They also explore the pressure on open-source maintainers, the risks of AI-generated patches, and the widening gap between the cost of discovering vulnerabilities and fixing them. The conversation turns to a fundamental question: What would it take to f...

What has changed in the cyber threat landscape—and what should defenders do about it? On this episode of Safe Mode, CyberScoop’s Greg Otto speaks with retired U.S. Air Force Lt. Gen. Robert Skinner, former director of DISA and current chairman of Axonius Federal Systems’ board. Skinner assesses the risks posed by China, Russia, Iran and North Korea, arguing that adversaries are increasingly prepositioning in critical infrastructure for potential disruption at a time of their choosing. He explains why China remains the top strategic cyber threat, how AI is shifting the advantage between offense and defense, and why visibi...

The debate over AI alignment often centers on guardrails, model behavior, and whether increasingly capable systems could act in unexpected ways. But what does that conversation look like through a cybersecurity lens? In this episode of Safe Mode, Greg speaks with Adam Meyers, CrowdStrike’s head of counter-adversary operations, about the security implications of goal-driven AI agents, open-weight models, and guardrails that can be removed or bypassed. Meyers argues that systems described as “rogue” may instead be pursuing their assigned objectives in ways their operators failed to anticipate—making containment, monitoring, and clearly defined permissions central cybersecurity concerns. The conversation examines...

Matt Fredrikson, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon and CEO and co-founder of Gray Swan AI, built the world's largest AI red teaming arena, with more than 15,000 people breaking AI systems for prize money. He walks us through how the attacks actually work, from jailbreaks found on small open weights models that transferred straight to frontier systems, to training AI attackers with reinforcement learning. Matt also explains why the recent sandbox escapes didn't happen during safety testing but during cybersecurity capability evals with the guardrails off, what the Agent Harm benchmark revealed about models that refuse harmful requests in text but...

It starts with a fake error message. It ends with a pasted command. ClickFix has become one of the most reliable ways for attackers to get an initial foothold — first adopted by criminal groups, now used by state-linked actors like APT28 and Lazarus Group. This week, Greg is joined by John Hammond, Principal Security Researcher at Huntress, who helped identify and name the technique and has tracked its evolution for the past three years. They dig into why ClickFix still drives an estimated 20+ incidents a day at Huntress even after law enforcement disrupted major infostealer infrastructure like LumaStealer, how the te...

CyberScoop editor-in-chief Greg Otto talks with WatchTowr founder and CEO Ben Harris about how cybersecurity teams are adapting as AI accelerates vulnerability discovery, public proof-of-concepts, and exploitation timelines. They discuss the WordPress-to-shell case study, why mitigation has become essential when patching cannot happen instantly, and why Harris argues that traditional vulnerability management is “effectively dead.” Also in this episode, senior reporter Tim Starks explains Project Watershed 250, a new effort involving Texas, the private sector, and the water industry to strengthen critical-infrastructure cybersecurity.

NEA partner Aaron Jacobson put $250 million behind autonomous pen testing company Horizon3.ai on the bet that cybersecurity has entered an AI-versus-AI era — and he argues the "vulnpocalypse" defenders were warned about has already arrived, with AI-discovered vulnerabilities now the primary way attackers get into enterprises. He explains why overprovisioned AI agents are the new phishing target, since an agent with a user's credentials and no common sense can be prompt-injected into exfiltrating data a human would never touch. Jacobson also separates the open weights debate from the open source one, makes the case that cheap open competition ultimately favors de...

The federal government can't reliably say how many cybersecurity workers it has or what they cost — and that uncertainty sits at the heart of a much bigger question: is federal cyber training working, and can it keep pace with a field that's changing by the month? On this episode of Safe Mode, host Greg Otto talks with Christopher Bloor, Defense Director at the SANS Institute, about the state of the federal cyber workforce. The conversation moves through the real gap agencies face between filling job openings and actually assessing the skills their people already have, what 1,100 National Guard members revealed ab...

Kat Sommer, head of government affairs at NCC Group, joins Safe Mode to unpack the DEF CON talk she gave on how governments around the world are — and mostly aren't — protecting security researchers. Of the roughly 195 jurisdictions on the planet, Sommer found only about 15 have enacted any form of legal safe harbor for vulnerability research, and just one, Portugal, has what she'd call a proper one on the statute book. She walks Greg Otto through the patterns that emerged from that survey: the encouraging shift toward regulating conduct rather than actors, the conditions that actually make sense (don't extort the vend...

Security operations centers have run on the same playbook for decades — collect, queue, triage, investigate, escalate. But attackers now move at machine speed: one recent breach that cost a company 3,600 repos got underway in roughly 87 seconds, far outpacing even a fast 10-minute log-enrichment pipeline. This week, host Greg Otto talks with ExtraHop CEO Greg Clark about the newly announced Agentic SOC Alliance and why he believes traditional SOC architecture can't keep up. Clark breaks down the three-layer stack he says every CISO needs to understand — context (the historical and real-time data an agent needs to reason about a threat), harness (the...

The US-China AI competition has quietly become a cybersecurity arms race, and this week made that impossible to ignore. Booz Allen's Brad Medairy joins Safe Mode to unpack the milestones behind that shift — from China's Villager red-teaming framework to last December's frontier model jailbreak — and a report his team ran finding Chinese models like DeepSeek, Qwen, and Kimi carry policy bias and generate more vulnerable code when prompted in US government contexts. Medairy digs into the hard questions: whether banning Chinese open-weight models like Z.AI/GLM is even feasible, why CISOs are unknowingly running them under different names, and how...

It's been a wild six weeks for frontier AI models — Mythos launched, got yanked offline by the Department of Commerce over export controls, and came back online with new guardrails, all while Five Eyes agencies warned that AI is months away from reshaping the threat landscape. This week on Safe Mode, Greg Otto talks with Armadin's David Slater, who is building directly on top of these frontier models, creating a platform integrating AI into cybersecurity offense and defense. The two dig into what it was actually like watching America's leading models go dark just as Chinese models — namely GLM 5.2 — closed the ga...

For the first time in its operational history, FISA Section 702 has lapsed, plunging U.S. intelligence agencies and telecom providers into a highly uncertain "grey zone." In this episode of Safe Mode, host Greg Otto sits down with Glenn Gerstell, former NSA General Counsel and senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), to navigate the fog of this unprecedented lapse. While the government is temporarily coasting on grandfathered certifications, the operational reality is getting increasingly dicey. Gerstell explains what this lapse actually means for the future of U.S. cyber defense, how political friction is complicating...

In this week’s episode, Greg speaks with Ellen Boehm, SVP of Strategy and AI Operations at Keyfactor, about what the administration’s post-quantum cryptography executive order means for CISOs and enterprise leaders. Boehm argues that preparing for post-quantum cryptography is not just a technical cryptography challenge, but a leadership and business-risk problem. The conversation covers why compliance deadlines are pushing organizations to act, how CISOs should frame quantum risk for boards and executives, and why cryptographic inventories are a critical first step for any serious migration plan. The discussion also explores how organizations can build cross-functional teams across security, IT...

This week on Safe Mode, Greg sits down with Dov Yoran, CEO and co-founder of Command Zero, to talk about one of the most persistent problems in enterprise security: the investigation gap. Alert volumes keep climbing, SOC teams are drowning in triage, and the tools meant to help are aggregating data without actually reasoning through it. Dov breaks down how the real bottleneck in security operations comes down to expertise — knowing what questions to ask, where to find the data, and how to build a narrative around it. He explains how Command Zero has codified years of SecOps and incident ha...

What does it actually take to dismantle an industrial-scale scam operation running bulletproof hosting, distributed ASNs, and crypto laundering across multiple countries? Mike Sweeney of Silent Push was in the room during Operation Disruption Week and tells us exactly how it went down — the intelligence, the coordination, and why this public-private model could be a blueprint for future cyber disruption efforts. Plus, reporter Tim Starks on the open source supply chain crisis: the volunteer maintainers holding up the internet, the threat groups coming after them, and the policy vacuum left behind after the Biden administration's momentum stalled.

The rules of responsible disclosure were written for a different era — one where humans found bugs, humans reported them, and 90 days felt like plenty of time to patch. That era is over. In this episode, Greg sits down with Gal Elbaz, co-founder and CTO of Oligo Security, to unpack how AI-assisted vulnerability research is breaking the frameworks the security industry has relied on for decades. From MITRE admitting it can no longer keep up with the volume of CVE reports, to Linus Torvalds saying the same about the Linux kernel, the cracks in the system are impossible to ignore. Gal dr...

On this week's episode, we're joined by Mike Nichols, General Manager of Security at Elastic, fresh off the Gartner Security and Risk Summit in the D.C. area, where AI dominated every conversation on the conference floor. Mike walks us through what CISOs are actually asking about, what a real agentic SOC looks like in practice, and why keeping humans on the loop is the key philosophical distinction that separates a thoughtful AI implementation from a reckless one. The conversation covers "tribal knowledge," shadow AI, prompt injection, model sovereignty, and the exploding attack surface that AI agents themselves create, with...

What happens when an "assume breach" scenario turns into a total corporate wipeout? In this episode of Safe Mode, host Greg welcomes Brandon Willitts, Director of Cyber Resilience at Everpure, to pull back the curtain on a devastating "malwareless" attack that deleted over 80,000 endpoints at a Fortune 100 company. When adversaries exploit valid credentials to compromise the entire identity plane, your own endpoint management tools can be weaponized against you. Brandon breaks down how separating the storage layer from the identity blast radius—and leveraging immutable snapshot technology—allowed a non-technical engineer to jumpstart a full recovery in just days rather than...