E27 - #26 Andrew Carnegie Autobiography & His Deep Promise

As a boy in Scotland, Andrew Carnegie watched his father carry the last of his hand-woven cloth to a manufacturer and wait to learn if there would be more work. The steam loom had made his father's craft worthless. A skilled man, a proud man, became a poor man. Carnegie never forgot it. He made a vow: he would cure that condition when he got to be a man.

That vow drove everything.

His family borrowed twenty pounds for passage to America, landing in Pittsburgh in 1848 with nothing. Carnegie went to work at thirteen — first as...