Gallbladder Cancer: Current Treatment Options

Examines the pathogenesis and clinical management of gallbladder cancer, a highly lethal malignancy often linked to chronic inflammation and gallstones. The texts emphasize that early diagnosis and surgical resection are the primary determinants of survival, though many cases are discovered at advanced, unresectable stages. A significant portion of the material explores molecular drivers, such as TP53 mutations and EGFR signaling, alongside the role of epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation. Researchers highlight the challenge of chemoresistance and investigate targeted therapies, including HER2 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, as potential modern treatments. Furthermore, the sources discuss integrative omics and biomarker identification to...