
ToKCast
byBrett Hall
EducationSelf-ImprovementScienceSocietyCulturePhilosophy
This is a podcast primarily about the work of philosopher and physicist David Deutsch and related matters (such as Popperian epistemology). I read from and comment upon the books ”The Beginning of Infinity” & ”The Fabric of Reality” (both by Deutsch), ”The Science of Can & Can’t” (by Deutsch’s collegue Marletto) and ”Rationality” by Pinker (so far). In addition I make stand alone episodes about topics like resources, environmentalism, economics, science, philosophy, epistemology (especially explanations) and reason broadly.
Episodes(40 episodes)
Episode 269
Ep 268: AGI has arrived podcast
Today CEO of the world's most valuable company, Nvidia, Jensen Huang, announced "AGI has arrived". https://x.com/JensenHuang/status/2096700264569090384?s=20 Some reflections on all that.
Published: Sep 7, 2026Duration: 34m 54s
Episode 268
Ep 267: The Orthogonality Thesis is Moral Relativism. (Response to Sam Harris on AI).
This is in response to episode 489 of Sam Harris' "Making Sense" podcast - in a section only available via subscription. I have clipped the approximately 60 seconds worth of material I am narrowly responding to for fair use in this commentary. The case unpacked is, roughly, that morality can be disconnected from (is orthogonal to) reason broadly is no more than a restatement of moral relativism - and hence false. Morality and science are about objective reality so cannot be “orthogonal”. Moral progress goes hand-in-hand with reason broadly and any “sufficiently advanced” intelligent system would not only realise this, they must und...
Published: Aug 26, 2026Duration: 27m 17s
Episode 267
Ep 266: Facts, Fantasy and Critical Thinking
A analysis in Popperian style of Candace Owens' "mode" of debate and discussion, approach to evidence and thinking and a comparison to the more mainstream evaluations of this debate.
Published: Aug 20, 2026Duration: 32m 57s
Episode 266
Ep 265: David Deutsch's "The Fabric of Reality" Chapter 14 "The Ends of the Universe" Part 2 The Omega Point
All about the distant future. What does cosmology tell us about the fate of the universe, life and intelligence in some ultimate sense? Frank Tipler's The Omega Point Theory is the primary focus, but throughout we consider the centrality of The Turing Principle for predictions about the future of the cosmos, Roger Penrose's "Conformal Cyclic Cosmology" and some of Freeman Dyson's ideas.
Timestamps and Chapters:
0:00 – Introduction: Longevity, Immortality, the Singularity & the Omega Point
5:50 – Recap: The Four Strands, Knowledge & the Multiverse
8:20 – Frank Tipler’s Omega Point Theory Introduced
9:00 – Anthropic Principles (Weak, Stro...
Published: Aug 15, 2026Duration: 1h 28m 35s
Episode 265
Ep 264: David Deutsch's "The Fabric of Reality" Chapter 14 "The Ends of the Universe" Part 1
What do our best explanations tell us about the ultimate ends of the universe? What is the difference between forming a world view about any one of the four strands (evolution, epistemology, quantum physics or computation) versus taking all four of them seriously?
Published: Jul 30, 2026Duration: 44m 29s
Episode 264
Ep 263: David Deutsch's "The Fabric of Reality" Chapter 13 "The Four Strands" Part 4 - and final.
How do the Four Strands of the Fabric of Reality - Quantum Physics, Computation, Epistemology and Evolution by Natural Selection hold together? What does taking them each seriously and all of them together seriously? Is it possible to construct a worldview without one of them or based on a single one alone? What do they imply about free will and consciousness? Doesn't making progress require us to assume them false? All this and more.
Published: Jul 4, 2026Duration: 1h 30m 56s
Episode 263
Ep 262: David Deutsch's "The Fabric of Reality" Chapter 13 "The Four Strands" Part 3
This episode is heavily focussed on Dawkin's "Selfish Gene" explanation of Darwin's evolution by natural selection. Obviously there are readings from the relevant part of this chapter from The Fabric of Reality but I augment that with sections from "The Selfish Gene" itself as well as "The Beginning of Infinity" as well as a larger portion of me providing additional unpacking and exposition.
Published: May 4, 2026Duration: 1h 3m 31s
Episode 262
Ep 261: Objective Morality II
Do not destroy the means of error correction. A deep unification of knowledge akin to unifying quantum theory with computation to create the theory of quantum computation. David Deutsch will be known for not merely forging the basis of quantum computing but also a new basis for morality and epistemology. I explain much of that here. "What should we do next?" is a question with an answer that is right or wrong, good or evil, better or worse. All existing moral frameworks philosophers debate are theories that can serve as criticisms of "what to do next". Morality is as...
Published: Apr 23, 2026Duration: 38m 58s
Episode 261
Ep 260: I don't believe it!
Response to a question about my discussion with @drpeterboghossian here: https://youtu.be/72vhtT0pFmA?si=hAx1kPho4DkLkBFN This is yet another way of coming at a critique around the concept of "belief" or those who profess to "believe" and so on using Deutsch's approach that knowledge is "information with causal power". I explore that for around the first 40 mins. If you're in a hurry, skip to the final 15 or 20 minutes where I get to responding to the meat of the matter in the question itself.
Published: Apr 5, 2026Duration: 1h 6m 31s
Episode 260
Ep 259: Reaction to Michael Levin Part 3: Bait and Switch, Podcastistan and Surprising(?) algorithms.
In this, the third and final part of a series, I break down some work Michael Levin has done with sorting algorithms. That seems very dry until you hear his claim that these algorithms that are well known and have been studied for decades exhibit extremely unusual behaviour never before spotted because "no one ever bothered to look". This part of the interview is between Ferris and Levin is referring to this paper: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10597123241269740 which is available on the arXiv at https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.05375 and which a Forbes writer authored this "explainer" of sorts...
Published: Mar 11, 2026Duration: 59m 35s
Episode 259
Ep 258: Reaction to Michael Levin, Part 2: Bioelectricity, Consciousness and Knowing
This is the second in a multipart series where I react to some interviews with @drmichaellevin a biologist who, among other things, specialises in bioelectricity. His research can be found here: https://www.drmichaellevin.org and his "explainer articles" for his own professional papers here: https://thoughtforms.life . In this episode I mention the discussion he had with @timferriss which is found here: • Dr. Michael Levin — Reprogramming Bioelect... Part 1 is here: • Reaction to Michael Levin, Part 1: Categor... Part 3 will be out soon.
Published: Feb 16, 2026Duration: 1h 38m 57s
Episode 258
Ep 257: Reaction to Michael Levin, Part 1: Categories and Continuums.
This is the first in a multipart series where I react to some interviews with @drmichaellevin - a biologist who, among other things, specialises in bioelectricity. His research can be found here: https://www.drmichaellevin.org/publications/ and his "explainer articles" for his own professional papers here: https://thoughtforms.life . Although in this first episode I mention the discussion he had with @timferriss which is found here: https://youtu.be/kz1jnoKfRrI?si=O-TTxrVleMbDsEH8 I never actually get to it in this first part. I do comment on Michael's interview with @lexfridman found here: https://youtu.be/Qp0rCU49lMs?si...
Published: Feb 9, 2026Duration: 1h 8m 4s
Episode 257
Ep 256: David Deutsch’s ”The Fabric of Reality” Chapter 13 ”The Four Strands” Part 2
Comparing Kuhn and Popper on Quantum Theory: Here we go deeper into the differences between Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn's account of how science moves from one theory to another. David applies the theory set out in part 1 of this chapter to the specific case of quantum theory. Did social forces have a major impact on whether quantum theory was adopted as Kuhn would have it, or were rational factors like argument and experiment crucial in dictating how science broadly, physics and the community of physicists took on a new "counter-cultural" idea?
Published: Jan 30, 2026Duration: 1h 9m 36s
Episode 256
Ep 255: Does this research explain how LLMs work?
I take a look at these three papers: 1. https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2512.22471 2. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.23752 3. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.22473 Collectively titled "The Bayesian Attention Trilogy" along with some other material - in particular an interview with one of the authors "Vishal Misra" - https://www.engineering.columbia.edu/faculty-staff/directory/vishal-misra For those familiar with my output on this you can probably skip to about halfway through at 42:40. Prior to this is a lot of background on Induction, Bayesianism, Critical Rationalism and so on that people may have heard from me before in different contexts - although...
Published: Jan 14, 2026Duration: 1h 22m 45s
Episode 255
Ep 254: Australia: The Land of Bans. (Social Media prohibited for under-16s. Analysis of the arguments "for".)
This is effectively part 3 in a series of responses to the Prime Minister of Australia about censorship, legislation, policy, philosophy, Bondi and Social Media. The Prime Minister attempted to explain, as best he could, the reasons for banning under-16 year olds from certain social media platforms. I remark on an interview he conducted and make some broader remarks in conclusion to a short series on his response to the Bondi tragedy and other issues.
These are largely off-the-cuff rather than prepared remarks - so expect the tone, tenor, tempo and expression to be a little different than...
Published: Dec 25, 2025Duration: 1h 33m 8s
Episode 254
Ep 253: Further Comments on the Bondi Massacre.
Here I remark on comments made by Australian Home Affairs Minister Tony Burke and Education Minister Jason Clare and then make some broader points about the recent tragedy on Bondi Beach. This is part 2 of a response to the Prime Minister of Australia and others.
Published: Dec 22, 2025Duration: 35m 18s
Episode 253
Ep 252: Response to the Prime Minister of Australia
A reaction "episode" where I make some remarks about a speech by Anthony Albanese, Prime Minister of Australia, in the wake of the Bondi Beach Massacre by Islamists terrorists who attacked Jews at a Hanukkah celebration on 14 December, 2025
Published: Dec 19, 2025Duration: 1h 5m 5s
Episode 252
Ep 251: OK Doomer!
This is a reproduction of a talk I gave to some trainee surgeons in Sydney who, among other things, were learning about AI as it was affecting their own field. It is, in a sense, a summary of many of the points I have been making recently on this channel with respect to AI and pessimism around it.
Published: Dec 11, 2025Duration: 31m 8s
Episode 251
Ep 250: The Farthest Reaches - Audiobook
The Farthest Reaches is a book about "Explanatory Universality". Explanatory Universality is a concept introduced by physicist and philosopher David Deutsch in his book "The Beginning of Infinity".
Links, as mentioned in the audiobook can be found in the ebook available for free here: https://www.bretthall.org/the-farthest-reaches.html
This present work follows the logic of that concept as it applies to education, psychology, morality, immigration, the trans issue, "evolutionary psychology" and the significance of people to physical reality and much more. This version is significantly longer and with superior audio production compared with...
Published: Nov 12, 2025Duration: 4h 19m 29s
Episode 250
Ep 249: The Farthest Reaches Part 4 and Conclusion
Chapters and Timestamps
00:06 Chapter 13: Explanatory Universality, Hangups and Sexuality
08:07 Chapter 14: The Woke Left and the Woke Right
15:38 Chapter 15: Universality and Optimism
25:04 Chapter 16: Universality and Artificial Intelligences
35:54 Chapter 17: Universality, Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Reach
42:44: Chapter 18: Summary and Conclusions
Published: Oct 17, 2025Duration: 1h 12m 15s